World Alzheimer’s Day 2026: Understanding Behavioural Changes in Alzheimer’s and Dementia

Every year, **World Alzheimer’s Day is observed on September 21** to raise awareness about Alzheimer’s disease and other forms of dementia. When people think of Alzheimer’s, memory loss is often the first symptom that comes to mind. However, dementia can also affect a person’s **thinking, emotions, and behaviour**. Recognising these behavioural changes is an important part of dementia care.

## Common Behavioural Symptoms of Dementia

People living with Alzheimer’s disease or dementia may experience different behavioural and psychological symptoms, including:

### 1. Anger and Irritability

A person may become angry, frustrated, or anxious over small issues. These emotional changes may occur as the disease affects thinking and communication.

### 2. Agitation and Restlessness

Some people may find it difficult to sit in one place, repeatedly walk around, or appear unusually restless or impatient.

### 3. Repeating the Same Questions

A person with dementia may ask the same question repeatedly, even after receiving an answer. Memory difficulties can make it hard for them to remember the earlier conversation.

### 4. Wandering

Some individuals may leave home or walk away without clearly knowing where they are going. **Wandering can create serious safety concerns** and may require close supervision.

### 5. Increased Suspicion

People with dementia may sometimes become suspicious and believe that someone has taken or hidden their belongings.

### 6. Hallucinations

Some individuals may see people or objects that are not actually present or hear sounds that others cannot hear.

### 7. Changes in Sleep

Sleep patterns may change, including staying awake at night or sleeping more during the day.

### 8. Loss of Interest or Apathy

A person may lose interest in activities they previously enjoyed and may become less willing to talk, participate in activities, or complete everyday tasks.

## Why Behavioural Changes Make Dementia Care Difficult

Behavioural and psychological symptoms can be challenging not only for the person with dementia but also for family members and caregivers.

**Every behaviour may have a different cause.** Anger, repeated questions, or wandering may not always happen for the same reason. Identifying possible triggers can help caregivers respond appropriately.

Some symptoms, such as **wandering, aggression, and confusion**, may require continuous attention to maintain the person’s safety. The daily responsibilities of caregiving, behavioural challenges, financial concerns, and family responsibilities can also increase **caregiver stress and burden**.

It is also important to remember that these behaviours are generally **not intentional acts of defiance**. Alzheimer’s and dementia can affect judgement, memory, thinking, and behaviour. Understanding this can help family members respond with greater patience and compassion.

## What Can Dementia Caregivers Do?

Caregivers can take several practical steps when behavioural changes occur:

* **Stay calm** and respond patiently. * Identify possible **triggers** behind changes in behaviour. * Avoid arguments and communicate using **simple, clear language**. * Maintain a **safe and supportive environment**. * Note when and under what circumstances behavioural changes occur. * Seek **medical advice** if behavioural symptoms are new, severe, or worsening.

## Key Message for Families

**Alzheimer’s disease is not just about memory loss.** Changes in behaviour can also be an important part of dementia. Instead of assuming that a person is behaving deliberately, families can consider whether the behaviour may be related to the effects of the disease.

Understanding behavioural changes can help caregivers provide safer, calmer, and more compassionate dementia care. A change in behaviour does not necessarily mean the person has changed—it may reflect the impact of the disease.

### Need Professional Help?

**Dr. G. Jagadeesh Kumar, M.D.** Psychiatrist Teja Poly Clinic, Old Lorry Road, Kothapeta, Guntur **Phone:** 94932 34704 **Website:** gjagadishpsychiatrist.in